ETZIONI

Etzioni developed an advance approach to the structure of organizations that he called compliance
theory. As per this theory, organizations can be classified on the basis of the
degree of power exercised by organizational leaders in order to direct
employees.

Etzioni identified three types of power

1.   Coercive power:
It involves the application of force and fear for controlling the actions of
lower level participants.

2.   Utilitarian power: This power uses monetary or extrinsic rewards to control the actions
of lower level participants.

3.   Normative power: This type of power uses intrinsic rewards (interesting work,
identification of goals, and contribution to the society) to influence the
behavior of individuals.

The effectiveness of these powers depends on the
involvement of participants.  The involvements
are

1.   Alienative involvement: This involvement assigns a negative orientation. The
main goal is to adherence to the organization’s values.

2.  Calculative involvement: This involvement designates positive or negative
orientation of low intensity.

 3.  Moral involvement: It is a positive orientation of high intensity.